There is always some types of imperfections present at fiber optic connections that causes some loss of signal. It is the amount of optical power lost at fiber optic connections that is a concern of system designers and such type of losses are called splice loss. A fiber optic splice is a permanent fiber joint whose purpose is to establish an optical connection between two individual optical fibers and it is required for long distance communication.
So for long distance communication it is necessary for reducing transmitted signal loss. When two fibers are spliced together various types of splicing errors can occur. But significant power loss occurs for transverse offset and tilt.
We write the result of a simulation study on the splice of a single mode step index fiber in this book. Product Details : Genre : Author : Inc. This technique is used in optical fiber communication, in order to form long optical links for better as well as long-distance optical signal transmission.
Splicers are basically couplers that form a connection between two fibers or fiber bundles. At the time of splicing two optical fibers, the geometry of the fibers, their proper alignment and mechanical strength must be taken into consideration.
Splicing any fiber by making use of the fusion technique provides a permanent long-lasting contact between the two fibers. In the fusion splicing, the two fibers are thermally joined together. In this particular technique, an electrical instrument is necessarily used, that acts as an electric arc so as to form a thermal connection between the two. First, the two fibers are aligned and butted in the way of their connection, this alignment is done in a fiber holder. After this, the electric arc comes into action as when it gets switched on then it produces some energy, that heats the butt joint.
The heating effect melts the ends of the fiber and then the two gets bonded together. After the two forms a bond then their junction is covered with either polyethylene jacket or plastic coating so as to protect the joint. By making use of fusion splicing technique, the splice generated losses are very less. The loss range lies between 0. The technique that provides this amount of losses is very practical and useful.
So, it is most widely used and expensive than mechanical splicing of optical fiber cable. It uses index matching fluid to hold and align the single or more fiber cables assembled in a place to join them together. The mechanical splicing acts as a junction to join the optical cables more precisely. When the optical fiber cables are joined together to pass the light from one to another, the loss of light will be low if we use the mechanical splicing technique. That means insertion loss, splicing loss will be nearly 0.
But it produces high back reflection when compared to fusion splicing. It is very easy to repair and install for both multimode and single-mode optical fiber cables. It is one of the types of mechanical splicing, which uses a substrate in a V-shape made up of ceramic, silicon, plastic, or any other metal. The ends of two optical fiber cables are placed in the groove as shown in the figure below. When the two ends are placed in the groove in proper alignment, then they are bonded or joined together by using index matching gel and gives a perfect grip to the connection.
In this type, the fiber losses are more because of cladding diameter, core diameter, and position of the core to the center. Hence, it is used for Semi-permanent connections. In this type of splicing, an elastic tube is used to form a connection between the two optical fiber cables.
It is mainly used for multimode optical fiber cables. The fiber losses are low and almost the same as in the fusion splicing type. It requires less equipment and skillset to install and repair when compared to fusion splicing.
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